The kidneys respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by conserving water and producing urine that is more concentrated. When blood osmolality increases with a decrease in the amount of water in the blood or an increase in the number of particles such as sodium, chloride, and glucose, a gland called the hypothalamus releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Water balance in the body is a dynamic process that is regulated by controlling the amount of water eliminated in the urine by the kidneys and by increasing or decreasing water drinking by regulating “thirst.” In a healthy person, the body perceives and reacts to changes in the amount of water and particles in the blood. Osmolality results are not diagnostic they suggest that a person has an imbalance, but they do not pinpoint the cause. Serum and urine osmolality tests must be evaluated in the context of the person’s signs and symptoms and along with the findings of other tests, such as sodium, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Osmolality is dynamic and will fluctuate as the body responds to and corrects temporary water imbalances. Alternatively, it can be estimated from the major solutes expected to be in the blood or urine.
A test for osmolality measures the amount of dissolved substances such as sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, and urea in a sample of blood and sometimes in urine. Osmolality is a measure of the number of dissolved particles in a fluid. What is the difference between urine osmolality and specific gravity?.
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